Prediction of Preterm Delivery Using Serum Ischemia Modified Albumin, Biglycan, and Decorin Levels in Women with Threatened Preterm Labor / Previsão de parto prematuro usando albumina modificada por isquemia sérica, biglicano e níveis de decorina em mulheres com ameaça de trabalho de parto prematuro

Abstract Objective The serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA), biglycan, and decorin levels of pregnant women who were hospitalized for threatened preterm labor were measured. Methods Fifty-one consecutive pregnant women with a single pregnancy between the 24th and 36th weeks with a diagnosis of threatened preterm labor were included in the present prospective cohort study. Results As a result of multivariate logistic regression analysis for predicting preterm delivery within 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, 14 days, ≤ 35 gestational weeks, and ≤ 37 gestational weeks after admission, area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval [CI[) values were 0.95 (0.89-1.00), 0.93 (0.86-0.99), 0.91 (0.83-0.98), 0.92 (0.85-0.99), 0.82 (0.69-0.96), and 0.89 (0.80-0.98), respectively. In the present study, IMA and biglycan levels were found to be higher and decorin levels lower in women admitted to the hospital with threatened preterm labor and who gave preterm birth within 48 hours compared with those who gave birth after 48 hours. Conclusion In pregnant women admitted to the hospital with threatened preterm labor, the prediction preterm delivery of the combined model created by adding IMA, decorin, and biglycan in addition to the TVS CL measurement was higher than the TVS CL measurement alone. Clinical trial registration The present trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04451928.

Resumo Objetivo Medir os níveis séricos de albumina modificada por isquemia (IMA), biglicano e decorina de gestantes hospitalizadas por ameaça de parto prematuro. Métodos Cinquenta e uma mulheres grávidas consecutivas com uma única gravidez entre a 24ᵃ e a 36ᵃ semanas com diagnóstico de ameaça de trabalho de parto prematuro foram incluídas no presente estudo de corte prospectivo. Resultados Como resultado da análise de regressão logística multivariada para prever parto prematuro dentro de 24 horas, 48 horas, 7 dias, 14 dias, ≤ 35 semanas gestacionais e ≤ 37 semanas gestacionais após a admissão, área sob a curva (AUC) (95% de confiança os valores de intervalo [CI[) foram 0,95 (0,89-1,00), 0,93 (0,86-0,99), 0,91 (0,83-0,98), 0,92 (0,85-0,99), 0,82 (0,69-0,96) e 0,89 (0,80-0,98), respectivamente. No presente estudo, os níveis de IMA e biglican foram maiores e os níveis de decorin menores em mulheres admitidas no hospital com ameaça de trabalho de parto prematuro e que tiveram parto prematuro em 48 horas em comparação com aquelas que deram à luz após 48 horas. Conclusão Em gestantes admitidas no hospital com ameaça de trabalho de parto prematuro, a predição de parto prematuro do modelo combinado criado pela adição de IMA, decorin e biglican, além da medição do TVS CL, foi maior do que a medição do TVS CL isoladamente. Registro do ensaio clínico O presente ensaio foi registrado em ClinicalTrials.gov, número NCT04451928.

UTI among patients attending IPD and its relation with preterm labor in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College Hospital, Faridpur

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) now have become a severe public health problem because of the morbidity and treatment cost. UTI can be occur in all age groups, but women are more prone to develop UTI in comparison to men, due to several factors like short urethra, absence of prostatic secretions, pregnancy and easy infection in the urinary tract with fecal flora.Material & Methods:This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Muzib medical college hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh. The study was conducted during the period of January 2021- January 2022. The total sample size for this study was 197.Results:Most of the respondents 87(44.2%) were aged between 25-29 years and followed by 16(8.1%) were aged 20-24 years, 81(41.1%) were 30-34 years and 13(6.6%) were aged >34 years. According to gravida, 4th gravida were 65(33.0%), 3rd gravida 37(18.8%), 2nd gravida 62(31.5%) and 1st gravida were 33(16.8%). The most common isolated organism was E. coli which was found in 135(68.5%) cases and followed by S. Aureus in 21(10.7%), Coagulase negative staph in 20(10.2%), Klebsiella in 9(4.6%) and GBS in 12(6.1%) cases. Majority of the patients 192(97%) had no complications onwards and only 5(3%) case was found with pyelonephritis.Conclusion: UTI in pregnancy has a major influence on pregnancy outcome. The unsolicited miseries of the pregnant mothers and their progenies might easily be legitimate by early diagnosis and treatment of UTI during pregnancy.

¿Son útiles los antimicrobianos en pacientes con trabajo de parto prematuro, espontáneo, membranas intactas e infección bacteriana ascendente? Una revisión narrativa

El parto prematuro (PP) es la principal causa de morbilidad/mortalidad perinatal y frecuentemente es espontáneo, con membranas intactas (MI). La infección intrauterina es su causa más común en un hospital público de Chile. Existe evidencia que la infección bacteriana ascendente desde la vagina es responsable de la infección/inflamación intraamniótica, del PP y de los resultados adversos maternos y perinatales. Esta revisión narrativa incluye ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECAs), publicados en PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, sobre los mecanismos que intervienen en el ascenso de la infección vaginal, los factores infecciosos que participan en el resultado adverso materno-perinatal y la eficacia de los antimicrobianos en estos casos. Estos trabajos no recomiendan usar antimicrobianos profilácticos porque producen daño a corto y largo plazo en los hijos. Pero este resultado tiene sesgo porque no se evaluó la presencia de infección/inflamación subclínica, lo que disminuye el grado de recomendación. También existen ECAs, que erradican la infección/inflamación intraamniótica, reducen la morbilidad/mortalidad neonatal, pero son trabajos aislados, obtenidos de subanálisis, con bajo nivel de evidencia. Se requieren revisiones sistemáticas y metaanális de ECAs con estudio de infección/inflamación subclínica para evaluar si son útiles los antimicrobianos en el PP espontáneo con MI.

Preterm labor (PL) is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity/ mortality and is frequently spontaneous with intact membranes (IM). Intrauterine infection is its most common cause in a public hospital in Chile. There is evidence that ascending bacterial infection from the vagina is responsible for intraamniotic infection/inflammation, PL, and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This narrative review includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library on the mechanisms involved in the rise of vaginal infection, the infectious factors involved in adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes, and the efficacy of antibiotics in these cases. They do not recommend the use of prophylactic antibiotics because they cause short and long-term damage to children. But this result is biased because the presence of subclinical infection/inflammation was not evaluated, which lowers the degree of recommendation. There are also RCTs that eradicate intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, reduce neonatal morbidity/ mortality, but they are isolated studies, obtained from subanalyses, with a low level of evidence. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs with subclinical infection/inflammation study are required to assess whether antibiotics are useful in spontaneous PL with IM.

Study Of Association Between Vaginal Infection And Preterm Labour

Background:Preterm birth is the most common of neonatal morbidity and mortality. 85% of neonatal morbidity and mortality is due to premature birth. A large number of studies demonstrate an association between specific organisms and preterm delivery. Material And Methods:A retrospective cohort study of pregnant women who received antenatal care between august 2017 and November 2018 at our tertiary care hospital. 70 Cases with high risk for preterm labor were included in the study and 70 cases with term labor in the control group. High vaginal swabs were collected from the posterior fornix of the vagina. Result:This study shows that there is no association of preterm labor with age, parity and numbers of previous abortions. There are high chances of preterm birth in patients with history of previous preterm birth. 48(68%) patients with preterm labor had vaginal infection in which bacterial vaginosis is more common. Other contributing factors for preterm delivery: Anaemia and lower socio-economic status. Conclusion:In this study, a significant difference in the presence of vaginal infection in patients of preterm labor and term labor was found (P<0.05).Women at risk for preterm birth or preterm premature rupture of membranes because of vaginal infections should be screened, diagnosed, treated , reevaluated, and re-treated if necessary.

Análisis de costos de la detección de microglobulina alfa 1 placentaria en el abordaje de la sospecha de amenaza de parto pretérmino / Cost analysis of the alpha 1 placental microglobulin measurement as screening on suspected preterm labor

Objetivo: identificar el potencial beneficio económico de implementar la medición de microglobulina alfa 1 placentaria en las usuarias con sospecha de amenaza de parto pretérmino que acceden al Servicio de Emergencias del Hospital de las Mujeres Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva, como mecanismo para la reducción del impacto en la mortalidad maternoinfantil y optimizar recursos económicos en la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Métodos: estudio económico, de enfoque cuantitativo-retrospectivo, con diseño transversal. Se consultaron fuentes secundarias del Departamento de Registros Médicos y Estadística del Hospital de las Mujeres Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva y se calculó el costo de atención de las pacientes hospitalizadas por diagnóstico de "trabajo de parto falso antes de las 37 semanas completas de gestación", según la Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades y Problemas Relacionados con la Salud, décima revisión (CIE-10), en comparación con el hipotético escenario de que, en el mismo evento de salud, se implemente la medición cualitativa de microglobulina alfa 1 placentaria. Para el análisis de los datos se determinaron los costos tanto individuales como colectivos en pruebas diagnósticas de control, así como el costo hospitalario y de tratamiento médico, lo cual permitió estimar los costos individuales, totales y promedio del ingreso innecesario de estas usuarias. Para el cálculo de costos de sospecha de amenaza de parto pretérmino descartada, se plantearon los siguientes escenarios: internamiento de la totalidad de pacientes con sospecha de una posible amenaza de parto pretérmino (n=60) y la utilización de la prueba cualitativa de microglobulina alfa1 placentaria, tomando en consideración su valor predictivo negativo (97%). Posteriormente, se estimó el valor del cociente costo/ahorro (el cual se interpreta como beneficioso en caso de ser menor a 1 y no beneficioso en caso de ser mayor a 1). Resultados: se reportó una incidencia de parto pretérmino de 10,1%; los costos derivados de la atención a pacientes con sospecha de parto pretérmino provienen principalmente de la hospitalización. Se obtiene un costo mínimo por paciente de ¢3 317 071,21 colones que se traducen a $5 593,79 USD según tipo de cambio vigente el 30 de noviembre del 2019, de acuerdo con el Banco Central de Costa Rica. Por su parte, se estima un costo máximo de 6 356 780, 1 colones, lo que equivale a 11 219,96 USD al tipo de cambio vigente el 30 de noviembre del 2019. Por lo cual, una vez determinado el supuesto escenario de la implementación de la prueba de microglobulina alfa 1 placentaria en las pacientes que consultan a Emergencias por sospecha de amenaza de parto pretérmino, se demuestra que existe un potencial ahorro efectivo de recursos. Conclusión: Se recomienda tomar como referente el valor predictivo negativo de microglobulina alfa 1 placentaria en su medición cualitativa, como prueba diagnóstica auxiliar en el manejo de la sospecha de amenaza de parto pretérmino. Empero, es necesario efectuar estudios complementarios para estimar el valor predictivo positivo y otros estudios económicos para valorar la incorporación de esta prueba en el algoritmo de atención de las amenazas de parto pretérmino.

Aim: identify the possible economic benefit of implementing the measurement of placental alpha 1 microglobulin in users with suspected Preterm Labor Threat, who access the emergency service of the Hospital de The Women Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva, as a mechanism to impact on maternal and infant mortality and economic resources in the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. Methods: economic study, quantitative-retrospective approach, with cross-sectional design. This study included the consult of secondary sources of the Department of Medical Records and Statistics of the Hospital; where the cost of care for hospitalized patients diagnosed with ICD-10 "False Labor before 37 weeks" is calculated; compared to a hypothetical scenario where the qualitative measurement of placental alpha 1 microglobulin is implemented for this same health event. For the data analysis, both individual and collective costs were determined in diagnostic control tests, as well as hospital and medical treatment costs, which allowed estimating the individual, total and average costs of admission of these users. To calculate the costs of suspected Preterm Labor Treat ruled out, the following scenarios were proposed: hospitalization of all patients in whom a possible Preterm Labor Treat is suspected (n= 60) and use of the qualitative placental alpha1 microglobulin test, taking into account their negative predictive value (97%). Subsequently, the value of the cost/savings ratio is estimated (interpreted as beneficial if it is less than 1 and not beneficial otherwise). Results: An incidence of preterm delivery of 10.1% was reported; the costs derived from the care of patients with suspected preterm delivery come mainly from hospitalization. Therefore, when developing the respective cost analysis, it is evident that the economic benefit of to incorporate qualitative measurement of placental alpha 1 microglobulin is derived mainly from the decrease in hospitalization. A minimum cost per patient of 3,317,071.21 colones is obtained, which translates to 5,593.79 dollars at the exchange rate in force on November 30, 2019 according to the Central Bank of Costa Rica. For its part, a maximum cost of 6,356,780.1 colones is estimated, which translates to 11,219.96 dollars at the exchange rate in effect on November 30, 2019. Therefore, once the assumed scenario of the implementation of the placental alpha1 microglobulin test in patients who consult the Emergencies for suspected Preterm Labor Threat has been determined, there is a potential effective saving of resources. Conclusion: the use of the qualitative measurement of placental alpha 1 microglobulin, as an auxiliary diagnostic test in the management of the suspected threat of preterm delivery, it is recommended, from take the negative predictive value as a reference. However, it is necessary to carry out complementary studies to estimate the positive predictive value and other economic studies to include this test in the care algorithm of the Preterm Labor Threat.

Medical treatment in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism: systematic review and meta-analysis / Tratamiento médico en gestantes con hipotiroidismo subclínico: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

Abstract Objectives: to determine the effectiveness of medical therapy in reducing complications associated with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Methods: in 2021, a systematic review of available cohort studies was carried out in three databases, with no publication date limit. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and odds ratios were calculated, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Cohort risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE methodology. Results: five studies were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A statistically significant relationship was found between medical treatment in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism with respect to spontaneous abortion (p=0.03; OR=0.77; CI95%=0.61-0.97), and no statistically significant relationship was found for delivery preterm (p=0.46; OR=1.11; CI95%=0.85-1.44), nor for abrupt placentae (p=0.56; OR=1.60; CI95%=0.33-7.66). Three studies were at moderate risk of bias, and two were at low risk of bias. In all the results the certainty was very low. Conclusions: medical treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy can have a beneficial effect in reducing cases of spontaneous abortion.

Resumo Objetivos: determinar la efectividad de la terapia médica para disminuir las complicaciones asociadas al hipotiroidismo subclínico durante la gestación. Métodos: en el 2021 se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios de cohortes disponibles en tres bases de datos, sin límite de fecha de publicación. La selección de estudios y extracción de datos se realizaron por duplicado. Se realizó metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios y se calcularon los Odds ratio, con los correspondientes intervalos de confanza al 95%. El riesgo de sesgo de las cohortes se evaluó mediante la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS). La certeza de la evidencia se evaluó con la metodología GRADE. Resultados: cinco estudios fueron incluidos para síntesis cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa del tratamiento médico en gestantes con hipotiroidismo subclínico con respecto al aborto espontáneo (p=0,03; OR=0,77; IC95%=0,61-0.97), no se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa para parto pre término (p=0.46; OR=1,11; IC95%=0.85-1.44), ni para abrupto placentae (p=0.56; OR=1,60; IC95%=0.33-7.66). Tres estudios tenían riesgo moderado de sesgo, y dos tenían riesgo de sesgo bajo. En todos los resultados la certeza fue muy baja. Conclusiones: el tratamiento médico del hipotiroidismo subclínico durante la gestación puede tener un efecto beneficioso para reducir los casos de aborto espontaneo.

Factores de riesgo asociados al trabajo de parto pretérmino en gestantes del Hospital Universitario Maternidad Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia septiembre-diciembre 2018 / Risk factors associated to preterm labor in pregnant patients in teaching Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia September-December 2018

Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al trabajo de parto pre-término en gestantes del Hospital Universitario Maternidad Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia, periodo septiembre­diciembre 2018. Método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y de corte transversal, con una muestra de 52 mujeres. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados con el sistema Epi-info 7.0. Resultados: el estudio muestra que entre los factores de riesgo más relevantes se encuentra la multiparidad, mostrando que el 65.4 % tuvieron un número mayor a dos embarazos, de las cuales se encontró que el 52.9 % tienen historia de abortos. Otros factores de riesgo asociados a partos prematuros es la enfermedad obstétrica relacionada, con mayor relevancia la anemia, con un 31.6 %, seguida por las infecciones urinarias con un 17.5 %. Conclusión: el estudio demuestra que dentro de los factores de riesgo asociados a partos pretérminos se encuentran la anemia con un 31.6 % y las infecciones urinarias con un 17.5 %, además el 48.1 % de las pacientes tenían una edad gestacional que rondaba entre 33 y 36 semanas de gestación.

Objective: Determine the risk factors associated to preterm labor in pregnant patients in ''Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia'' in Santo Domingo, September­December 2018. Methods: It is a descriptive, retrospective, and a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 52 women. The data collected was processed with the system Epi-info 7.0. Results: The study shows that multiparity is one of the most relevant risk factors for preterm delivery, showing that 65.4% had a number equal or greater than 2 pregnancies, of which 52.9% had a history of abortion. Others risk factors related to preterm delivery is a concomitant diseases within the pregnancy, being the anemia the most relevant with 31.6% and follow up by urinary tract infections with 17.5%. Conclusion: The study shows that within the risk factors associated with preterm delivery, anemia is within 31.6% and the urinary tract infections are 17.5%, Also related to preterm delivery we have the gestational age which was around 33 ­ 36 weeks in 48.1% of the preterm deliveries.

Factores de riesgo asociados al parto pretérmino en madres jóvenes atendidas en un hospital de Perú / Risk factors associated with preterm labor in young mothers assisted in a hospital of Peru

Introducción: El parto pretérmino es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal, cuyo origen está asociado con la presencia e interacción de factores relacionados con la madre y su entorno. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con el parto pretérmino en madres jóvenes atendidas en un Hospital de Lima, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio no experimental, analítico y retrospectivo de 32 madres con parto pretérmino y 292 a término (seleccionadas aleatoriamente), desde enero hasta agosto de 2016 en el mencionado centro hospitalario. Se utilizó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado o test de Fisher, según fue necesario, así como el odds ratio (OR) con sus intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: Los factores sociodemográficos como la instrucción, la ocupación y el estado conyugal no estuvieron relacionados con el parto pretérmino; en tanto, los pregestacionales (índice de masa corporal y antecedente de parto pretérmino) se asociaron significativamente y los clínicos (infección del tracto urinario, rotura prematura de membranas y preeclampsia) demostraron asociación estadística. Conclusiones: El índice de masa corporal pregestacional ≥25 kg/m2, el antecedente de parto pretérmino, la infección urinaria, la rotura prematura de membranas y la preeclampsia, incrementaron significativamente el riesgo de parto pretérmino.

Introduction: Preterm labor is one of the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality whose origin is associated with the presence and interaction of factors related to the mother and her environment. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with preterm labor in young mothers assisted in a Hospital of Lima, Peru. Methods: A non experimental, analytic and retrospective study of 32 mothers with preterm labor and 292 with term delivery (selected at random), was carried out from January to August, 2016 in the hospital center above mentioned. The chi-square test of Fisher test was used, as it was necessary, as well as the odds ratio (OR) with its confidence intervals of 95 %. Results: The social demographic factors as instruction, occupation and marital status were not related to preterm labor; as long as, antenatal factors (body mass index and history of preterm labor) were significantly associated and clinical factors (urinary tract infection, early rupture of membranes and preeclampsia) demonstrated a statistical association. Conclusions: The antenatal body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, history of preterm labor, urinary infection, early rupture of membranes and preeclampsia, significantly increased the risk of preterm labor.

Tocoliticos en la amenaza de parto prematuro / Tocolitics in premature labor

La amenaza de parto prematuro se considera hoy en día como una urgencia obstétrica en la que, si no se realiza alguna intervención desemboca en un parto prematuro. Por tanto, una vez confirmado el diagnóstico, el tratamiento consiste en la administración de tocolíticos, cuyo objetivo principal es el retraso del nacimiento ganando tiempo para administrar maduración pulmonar y neuroprotección con el fin de disminuir el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria y parálisis cerebral, así como lograr el traslado de la madre a un centro de referencia, si fuere el caso. La elección de un fármaco u otro debe basarse en una adecuada valoración riesgo-beneficio, una vez tenida en cuenta la situación clínica de cada gestante. El empleo de tocolíticos al inicio de este proceso es esencial y en esta revisión se analiza la información disponible sobre su uso en la amenaza de parto prematuro

The preterm labour is now considered an obstetric emergency in which, if no intervention is performed, it leads to premature delivery. Therefore, once the diagnosis has been confirmed, the treatment consists of the administration of tocolytics, whose main objective is to delay the birth by gaining time to administer lung maturation and neuroprotection in order to reduce respiratory distress syndrome and cerebral palsy, as well as to achieve the transfer of the mother to a reference center, if necessary. The choice of one drug or another should be based on an adequate risk-benefit assessment, once the clinical situation of each pregnant woman has been taken into account. The use of tocolytics at the beginning of this process is essential and in this review the available information on their use in threatened preterm labor is analyzed.

Parto pré-termo espontâneo sem rotura de membranas: prevalência, fatores de risco e o papel do colo uterino / Spontaneous preterm birth without premature rupture of membranes: prevalence, risk factors and the role of the cervix

Cerca de 15 milhões de prematuros nascem por ano globalmente. Em 2015 ocorreram mais de 4 milhões de mortes de crianças menores de 5 anos, e as complicações da prematuridade são a principal causa de óbito em neonatos. O parto pré-termo é uma síndrome em que múltiplas etiologias convergem para uma via final única, e os fatores de risco mais importantes são antecedente de prematuridade e gestação gemelar. O colo uterino tem a função de manter a gestação desde a concepção até o parto, e seu processo de amadurecimento gera esvaecimento, dilatação e encurtamento, num continuum que pode compreender desde quadros de insuficiência cervical até o parto pré-termo espontâneo sem rotura de membranas. Este primeiro artigo, da série de três, descreve a prevalência da prematuridade, seus fatores de risco e o papel do colo uterino no processo de parturição.(AU)

Around 15 million preterm births happen globally. In 2015 over 4 million deaths in children under 5 years of age died and preterm birth complications is the leading cause in neonates. Preterm birth is a multiple etiology syndrome, in which various causes converge to a single parturition path. The most important risk factors are multiple gestation and obstetrical history of preterm birth. Uterine cervix is responsible for pregnancy maintenance from conception to birth, and its remodeling process generates effacement, dilation and shortening in a continuum that comprises conditions from cervical insufficiency to preterm birth without membrane disruption. This is a first article, of a series of three, describing preterm birth prevalence, risk factors and uterine cervix role in parturition.(AU)

A comparative study of serum magnesium levels in preterm labour and term labour

Background: The objective of present study was to measure the serum magnesium levels in preterm labor patients, to measure the serum magnesium levels in term labor patients and to correlate the serum magnesium levels in preterm and term labor patients.Methods: It is a prospective case control study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, KIMS hospital and research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. A venous blood sample is drawn from patients admitted to labor room who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria out of which 50 patients belong to the Group-A (preterm labor) and 50 patients belong to Group-B (term labor). Serum magnesium level is measured in both the groups.Results: Women with preterm labor had a significantly reduced serum magnesium level with a mean serum magnesium level of 1.59 mg/dl with a SD of 0.83 whereas the patients with term labor had a mean serum magnesium level of 2.55 mg/dl with a SD of 0.40. The difference of serum magnesium levels observed between the study population and control population is independent of factors like maternal age, parity, gestational age, and socio-economic factors. In this study, it is found that serum magnesium levels are lower in early and late preterm compared to preterm between 33-34+6 weeks.Conclusions: Serum magnesium level can be used as a predicting tool for preterm labor. Preterm labor can be avoided by simple supplementation of Magnesium which might provide an easy and inexpensive means to decrease the problems related to preterm labor. There is a further scope for research on serum magnesium levels based on gestational age.

A comparative study between nifedipine and isoxsuprine in the suppression of preterm labor pain

Background: A prospective study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Nifedipine and Isoxsuprine in suppression of preterm labour pain as tocolytics drug. As preterm labour pain is major contributor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of nifedipine and isoxsuprine in threatened preterm labour with the aim of preventing preterm birth and its sequelae.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients coming to Pannadhay Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, RNT Medical College, Udaipur and attending OPD and IPD with complain of uterine contractions between 28-36 weeks of gestation.Results: Nifedipine was more effective than isoxsuprine hydrochloride as tocolytic agent.Conclusions: There is high incidence of preterm labour in India which leads to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Nifedipine is a better tocolytic drug compared to isoxsuprine hydrochloride.

Infección del tracto urinario y amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes de un Hospital peruano / Urinary Tract Infection And Threatened Preterm Delivery In Teenage Pregnancies Of A Peruvian Hospital

Introducción: La amenaza de parto pretérmino puede causar desenlaces graves, por lo que es necesario evaluar sus determinantes. Objetivo: Determinar si la infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es un factor asociado a amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes del hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles. Conformado por gestantes adolescentes internadas en el servicio de ginecobstetricia del hospital Sergio E. Bernales en 2018-2019. Se calcularon los OR crudos y ajustados para los posibles factores con fusor es en base a modelos de regresión logística. Considerándose el valor p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Los resultados del modelo de regresión logística ajustado mostraron que la amenaza de parto se asoció significativamente con la ITU (OR=2,68, IC 95%: 1,3­5,3) y con la presencia de ruptura prematura de membranas (OR=15, IC 95%: 5,9­37,9). Conclusión: La infección del tracto urinario es un factor asociado a la amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes.

Introduction: The threatened preterm delivery can cause serious outcomes, so it is necessary toevaluate its causes. Objective: to determine if urinary tract infection (UTI) is a factor associated withthe threatened preterm delivery in pregnant teenages at the Hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019.Methods: Observational analytical case-control study. The study included pregnant teenages admittedto the gynecology and obstetrics service of the Hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019. Crude andadjusted ORs were calculated for possible confounding factors based on logistic regression models.Considering the p <0.05 value as significant. Results: The median age was 18 years. The results ofthe adjusted logistic regression model were that the threatened preterm delivery had a significantassociation with UTI (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.3­5.3) and RPM (OR = 15, 95 CI. %: 5.9­37.9). Conclusion:Urinary tract infection is a factor associated with the threatened preterm delivery in pregnant teens.

Caracterización de la población gestante adolescente atendida en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. 2012-2015 / Characterization of pregnant adolescents treated between 2012 and 2015 at Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

Resumen Introducción. A pesar de que en Colombia hay una alta prevalencia de embarazos en adolescentes, aún no se han establecido los resultados obstétricos y perinatales adversos en esta población. Objetivo. Caracterizar los desenlaces obstétricos y perinatales de las gestantes adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y transversal realizado mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas de 147 gestantes adolescentes atendidas entre mayo de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C. Resultados. El promedio de edad fue 17±1.5 años; 59.8% eran estudiantes (secundaria y educación superior) y 64.6%, solteras. En cuanto a los controles prenatales, 127 (86.4%) los iniciaron tardíamente y 108 (73.5%) tuvieron menos de 4. La frecuencia general de complicaciones obstétricas fue 27.9%, entre las que se destacan los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (10.2%) y la amenaza de parto pretérmino (8.2%); no se presentaron muertes maternas. Por su parte, las patologías neonatales más comunes fueron ictericia neonatal (4.8%) y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (3.4%). Conclusiones. Las complicaciones se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en las adolescentes que iniciaron los controles prenatales de forma tardía, por lo que se deben implementar estrategias para garantizar el inicio temprano de estos controles y la adherencia a los mismos. Además, es necesario evaluar el impacto de los programas de planificación familiar en esta población.

Abstract Introduction: Although adolescent pregnancy prevalence in Colombia is high, adverse obstetric and perinatal adverse outcomes in this population have not yet been established in the country. Objective: To characterize the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant adolescents treated at Hospital Militar Central, located in Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materials and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional observational study. The medical records of 147 pregnant adolescents treated at Hospital Militar Central between May 2012 and December 2015 were reviewed. Results: Adolescents' average age was 17 ± 1.5 years, 59.8% of them were students (high school and higher education), and 64.6% were single. Regarding prenatal care, 127 (86.4%) had started getting prenatal check-ups late and 108 (73.5%) had poor prenatal care (less than 4 prenatal check-ups). Obstetric complications general frequency was 27.9%, being the most frequent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (10.2%) and preterm birth (8.2%). There were no maternal death cases. On the other hand, the most frequent perinatal morbidities were jaundice (4.8%) and respiratory distress syndrome (3.4%). Conclusions: Pregnancy-related complications were more frequent in adolescents who started prenatal check-ups late, so strategies aimed at ensuring that adolescents have access to early prenatal care and at improving their adherence rates to prenatal check-ups must be implemented. In addition, the impact that family planning programs have on this population must also be evaluated.

A Comprehensive Integrative Review of the Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth, Its Prevention and Prediction, Including Metabolomic Markers / Uma revisão integrativa abrangente dos fatores associados ao parto prematuro espontâneo, sua prevenção e predição, incluindo marcadores metabolômicos

Abstract Pretermbirth is amajormaternal complication that has a great impact on perinatal and neonatal health, with consequences suffered during childhood and adulthood. Little is known about its etiology and development, resulting in poor screening, prediction and preventive methods. The present integrative review discusses the current knowledge regarding some risk factors for preterm birth, the differences between screening and prediction methods, the limitations of some current preventive interventions, the importance of applying standardized concepts for exposures and outcomes, and why it is important to develop more accurate and reproducible methods to predict preterm birth. In addition, the authors introduce the concept of metabolomics and the technology involved in this technique, and discuss about how it has become a promising approach to identify biomarkers for spontaneous preterm birth.

Resumo Parto prematuro é uma complicação obstétrica de grande impacto para saúde perinatal e neonatal, tendo consequências tambémpara a infância e a vida adulta. Pouco se sabe sobre sua etiologia e fatores determinantes, o que limita osmétodos de rastreamento, predição e prevenção. Esta revisão integrativa traz a discussão sobre o conhecimento atual sobre fatores de risco para parto prematuro espontâneo, as diferenças entre métodos de rastreamento e predição, as limitações das atuais intervenções preventivas, a importância de se aplicar conceitos padronizados para exposição e desfecho na investigação de parto prematuro espontâneo, e porque é importante desenvolver métodos precisos e reprodutíveis para predizer o parto prematuro. Por fim, introduzimos o conceito demetabolômica e da tecnologia envolvida nessa técnica, e discutimos como ela tem se mostrado uma abordagem prosmissora para identificar biomarcadores associados ao parto prematuro espontâneo.

Trasmisión vertical de la enfermedad de Chagas: reporte de caso / Chagas disease vertical transmission: Case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La enfermedad de Chagas es una zoonosis causada por Trypanosoma cruzi, un parásito endémico de América Latina. Los niños se infectan por el contacto con vectores o por trasmisión congénita. CASO CLINICO: Paciente indígena, de 32 años, procedente del área rural del occidente colombiano, analfabeta, con antecedente de 7 embarazos y 6 partos, el embarazo actual con 29.5 semanas determinadas por la ecografía del tercer trimestre, sin controles prenatales, con trabajo de parto pretérmino y oligohidramnios severo. El embarazo finalizó por cesárea, sin complicaciones y el nacimiento de una niña que pesó 1290 gramos. A los 50 días de vida cursó con inestabilidad hemodinámica, dificultad respiratoria, palidez mucocutánea y fiebre con diagnóstico de sepsis de origen indeterminado. Los estudios de extensión reportaron: parasitemia positiva por microhematocrito para Trypanosoma cruzi, con amastigotes en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Diagnóstico: meningoencefalitis chagásica. CONCLUSIONES: La trasmisión vertical de la enfermedad de Chagas es baja; la trasmisión congénita es la responsable de la progresiva aparición de la enfermedad en zonas endémicas y no endémicas. En las embarazadas es importante la inclusión del tamizaje para infección por Trypanosoma cruzi, como parte del conjunto de pruebas de control prenatal.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite endemic to Latin America. Children become infected by contact with vectors or by congenital transmission. CLINICAL CASE: Illiterate indigenous patient, 32 years old, from the rural area of western Colombia, with a history of 7 pregnancies and 6 deliveries, the current pregnancy with 29.5 weeks determined by the third trimester ultrasound, without prenatal controls, with preterm labor and severe oligohydramnios. The pregnancy ended by cesarean section, without complications and the birth of a girl who weighed 1290 g. At 50 days of life, he developed hemodynamic instability, respiratory distress, mucocutaneous pallor and fever with a diagnosis of sepsis of undetermined origin. Extension studies reported: positive microhematocrit parasitaemia for Trypanosoma cruzi, with amastigotes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis: Chagasic meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSIONS: The vertical transmission of Chagas disease is low; congenital transmission is responsible for the progressive appearance of the disease in endemic and non-endemic areas. In pregnant women, it is important to include screening for Trypanosoma cruzi infection, as part of the prenatal control test suite.

The effect of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal glycemic control, in a tertiary care centre in North Kerala - India

Background: Antenatal glucocorticoid therapy (ACT) can be life-saving in preterm babies and risk of PTL is increasing in. The prevalence of GDM also increasing. Virtually, all women will experience deterioration in their glycaemic control following ACT. The NICE guideline recommends additional insulin and the national Indian guidelines recommend a 20% increase. Objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in maternal serum glucose following corticosteroids in antenatal women.Methods: Prospective controlled trial of 206 patients, divided into 2 groups. Group 1:105 patients with no GDM and Group 2: 101 patients with GDM. Ethical committee approved. FBS and PPBS measured for following 5 days of D1. BMI and starting dose of insulin and dose of insulin hike were recorded. FBS >90 mg/dL and PPBS >120 mg/dL were taken as abnormal. Data were analyzed using SPSSV22.Results: There were a total of 206 of which 105 were in group 1(51%) and 101(49%) were in Group 2. FBS >90 mg/dL in over 65% of all women on D2 10 new cases on D3 and PPBS >120 mg/dL in over 66% of all women on D2 and 13 new cases on D3. Insulin was started in a total of 66 patients of 105 (62.9%) in Group 1 and 33 out of 40 (82.5%) in GDM on MNT. Of the 66 patients who started on insulin in Group 1, 17 (16.2%) patients had to continue insulin and out of 33. In MNT subgroup 10 (25%) had to continue. BMI was high in the patients, who was given and continued insulin.Conclusions: The findings support the concept of increasing the dose of insulin even before the hyperglycemia documented. In the Group 1 66 of 105 patients were started on insulin due to hyperglycemia and 17 had to continue insulin 25.7%), and 33 of 40 patients in GDM on MNT were started on insulin and 10 (30.33%) had to continue. We suggest testing all patients for hyperglycemia and to start  insulin especially in the those with high BMI (>25 as per the Asian Indian).

Twin pregnancy, the study of maternal and perinatal outcome: what being a twin is like?

Background: Twin pregnancy is considered as a high-risk pregnancy due to associated high maternal and perinatal morbidity mortality in comparison with singleton pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to study the maternal and perinatal complications in twin pregnancies. To find out various factors that contribute to adverse perinatal outcome.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Bengaluru. 92 women with twin pregnancies admitted in KIMS Hospital from September 2014 to September 2018, both booked and referred patients were studied. Individual patient parameters like age, parity, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal complications were tabulated. Neonatal morbidity and mortality were noted, data thus obtained was analysed and results studied.Results: In the study the incidence of twin pregnancies was more in second gravida (53%). 72% of the patients were admitted between 28-36 weeks of gestation with preterm labour (23%) as the main cause for admission. Anaemia (8.69%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancies (17.39%), PPROM (21%), single foetal demise (5%) and IUGR (5.4%) were the antenatal complications observed. Out of the 92 patients, 29 (35.4%) patients delivered by vaginal route whereas 53 (64.6%) had to undergo C-section. DCDA twin constituted 66% of twins in the study and mal presentation was the commonest indication for caesarean section (50%). Among the 164 babies out of 92 twin pregnancies 8 babies were still born and 12 babies died by the end of one week due to complications related to prematurity like hyaline membrane disease, IVH.Conclusions: Early detection of twin pregnancies and proper antenatal care reduces both maternal and perinatal complication thereby improving maternal and perinatal outcome.

Clinical profile and fetal outcome in women with preterm labor pains

Background: Preterm labor is a potential cause of preterm birth. Certain demographic and presenting features in pregnant women may correlate to the severity of the problem and progression to delivery. The aim of the study was to find out the clinical profile and fetal outcome in women with preterm labor pains in a tertiary care hospital of North India.Methods: 83 women with preterm labor were included in the study. Antenatal corticosteroids and tocolytic therapy were given. Women who delivered preterm comprised of Group A and who delivered at term were Group B. Clinical profile and fetal outcome was compared and statistically analyzed.Results: 39 (47.0%) women had preterm delivery (Group A) and 44 (53.0%) women delivered at term (Group B). 23.1% women in group A and 4.5% in group B had a previous preterm birth (p=0.021). 16 (41%) women in group A and 4 (9.1%) in group B had a positive microbial growth on high vaginal swab (p=0.001). The odds of having a preterm birth with cervical length of <2 cm was calculated to be 5.281 (p=0.000). A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean birth weight, Apgar score and nursery admissions in both the groups (p=0.000).Conclusions: A prior history of preterm birth, a positive growth on high vaginal swab and a cervical length of less than 2 cm were found to be significantly associated with preterm birth.

The comparison of USG measured cervical length in pregnant women with previous induced abortion versus those who have not had an induced abortion

Background: The majority of women who undergo induced abortion are young and of low parity. Hence, it is desirable to look for any association effects of induced abortion with future reproductive outcomes. In this study, we aim to compare ultrasound measured cervical length in pregnant women with previous induced abortion versus those who have not had an induced abortion.Methods: This was a prospective observational study performed at tertiary care hospital. Total of 400 patients were recruited, divided into two groups. Patients with an induced abortion in previous pregnancy were included as cases and those with no history were taken as controls. Cervical length was measured by transvaginal ultrasound in all participants at 11-14, 18-22 and 28-32 weeks. Pregnancies were followed up to note incidence of spontaneous preterm delivery, preterm pre labour rupture of membranes (PPROM), threatened preterm, and second trimester miscarriage.Results: Authors have found that there was no significant difference in the cervical length of pregnant patients with or without a history of prior induced abortions.  In our study authors found that mean cervical length at 11-14weeks, 18-22 weeks, and 28-32 weeks was 3.47±0.126cm and 3.48±0.195cm; 3.44±0.296cm and 3.49±0.182cm; 3.36±0.477cm and 3.42±0.310cm respectively among cases and controls. However, there was a demonstrably increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, PPROM and threatened preterm in patients with a history of prior induced abortion.Conclusions: Authors conclude that previous induced abortion increases the risk of threatened preterm, PPROM, spontaneous preterm delivery in the subsequent pregnancy. But, this risk is not predictable by measuring cervical length as the mean cervical length remained the same in both the groups.